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Fecal coliform
A fecal coliform (British: faecal coliform) is a facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating bacterium. Coliform bacteria generally originate in the intestines of warm-blooded animals. Fecal coliforms are capable of growth in the presence of bile salts or similar surface agents, are oxidase negative, and produce acid and gas from lactose within 48 hours at 44 ± 0.5°C.〔Doyle, M. P., and M. C. Erickson. 2006. ("Closing the door on the fecal coliform assay." ) ''Microbe'' 1:162-163. .〕 The term "thermotolerant coliform" is more correct and is gaining acceptance over "faecal coliform".〔(Water Quality Monitoring ) - A Practical Guide to the Design and Implementation of Freshwater Quality Studies and Monitoring Programmes Edited by Jamie Bartram and Richard Ballance Published on behalf of United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization. 1996 UNEP/WHO ISBN 0 419 22320 7 (Hbk) 0 419 21730 4 (Pbk) 〕
Coliform bacteria include genera that originate in feces (e.g. ''Escherichia'') as well as genera not of fecal origin (e.g. ''Enterobacter'', ''Klebsiella'', ''Citrobacter''). The assay is intended to be an indicator of fecal contamination; more specifically of ''E. coli'' which is an indicator microorganism for other pathogens that may be present in feces. Presence of fecal coliforms in water may not be directly harmful, and does not necessarily indicate the presence of feces.〔
== Fecal bacteria as indicator of water quality ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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